10 Argumentative Essay Topics on Air Pollution

10 Argumentative Essay Topics on Air Pollution Writing an argumentative essay requires extensive research of reputable literature already published on the subject matter your essay will be based on. In more extreme cases, were there are no ready data or literature to consult, a student may have to collect his or her own data using surveys or experiments due to the nature of an argumentative essay. This is because an argumentative essay is the one that requires a student to thoroughly investigate a topic, collect or generate valid evidence in order to establish a position on the subject to be discussed. Writing an essay on air pollution falls under the expository and argumentative essay niche because it requires the use of facts to intelligently argue your stance on air pollution. But unlike an expository essay, the argumentative essay requires empirical evidence from reliable source as well as extensive research to showcase your line of reasoning to get the reader on your side. Therefore, to ease the burden of finding established facts on air pollution for your essay, below is an accurate list of air pollution facts that can help. 10 interesting facts on air pollution: Air pollutants are harmful. Pollutants released into the air are generally made of gas and tiny particles which can be harmful to human health. Statistics show that pollutants released into the air are more harmful than pollutants on land and water. This is because they are more difficult to notice and combat. Human and natural factors pollute the air. The emission of air pollutants is not solely due to human activities as nature also plays its part. A World Health Organization study found that approximately 70% of the pollutants found in the air are due to human activities while natural occurrences such as volcanoes and hurricanes account for approximately 20% of the pollutants currently in the air. The great smog of London which killed approximately 8,000 people is an example of how natural and human activities- cold weather and using fossil fuels- combine to pollute the air leading to deadly consequences. Air pollution adversely affects human health. Statistics show that the average human takes in 3400 gallons of air each day which is more than our food and water intake. With pollutants in the air the average human life-span is shortened by approximately 2 years. Other health problems it causes include itchy throats, breathing issues and death. Air pollutants are also accountable for approximately 5,000 premature deaths in California alone, approximately 50,000 yearly in the US and 250,000 in China. In Beijing, the high level of air pollution has led to constant coughing among its residents and this condition was named the ‘Beijing cough’. Air pollution adversely affects the economy. Statistics show that air pollution is not only dangerous to human health but also to the economy. A 2013 research on air pollution in Europe found that deaths caused by air pollution in the EU cost the region approximately â‚ ¬161billion and $200million in the state of California. Air pollution is prevalent among developed nations. The large scale industrialization that is currently going on in the developed world has led to the emission of air pollutants in unprecedented numbers. In the US, people high up at the Grand Canyon are unable to see its other side just a thousand miles away due to air pollution. While in China, air pollution can travel as high as the Central Valley in Asia. The fallout of this widespread air pollution is that 65% of deaths in central Asia and 25% in India are due to air pollution. The use of fossil fuels in vehicles is the leading cause of air pollution. Statistics from the UK’s Environment Audit Committee showed that diesel cars produce around 46% carbon monoxide and 42% nitrogen oxide. In China, 70% of air pollutants are currently being produced from the exhaust tail pipes of vehicles in use while in the US 28% of Americans believe that the use of fossil fuel is the leading cause of air pollution. The air in your home could be the worst. The WHO released a report stating that the level of air pollution in households could be worse than in public places due to poor ventilation. In under-develop nations, household pollution is caused by the burning of kerosene and other fossil fuels while in developed countries the use of cooking gas and space heaters produce air pollutants that congest the household air we breathe in. Air pollution creates attention problems. Studies have shown that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)- emitted by burning fossil fuels- can affect one’s ability to focus. The study went on to explore the effects of air pollution on children below 9 and found that air pollution is in part responsible for attention deficit disorders in children which can lead to negative long-lasting effects in the future. Air pollution threatens our future. Statistic show that the continuous burning of fossil fuels at current rates will prove to be disastrous for future generations. Predictive analysis showed that by 2050, approximately 6million people will die per year due to air pollution related health issues. This will also be due to the exponential growth in vehicle purchases, heavy traffic jams and natural disasters. Air pollution is currently being fought. All hope is not lost as the WHO, UNICEF and government agencies are putting checks on pollutants we produce for a better tomorrow. In China, the largest air purifying tower currently purifies a million cubic feet of air in an hour. The taxation of fossil fuels in nations such as New Zealand, Great Britain and Finland is also set to reduce air pollution in these regions by approximately 60% by 2030. These are the top 10 interesting facts on air pollution you should consider using in your argumentative essay when trying to establish your stance on pollution. It is also important to note that we have provided extra reading material such as tips on writing a platinum tier argumentative essay on air pollution. Students can also select a topic on today’s subject by reading this article containing 20 argumentative essay topics on air pollution. References: Matyssek, R. (2013). Climate Change, Air Pollution and Global Challenges. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Sullivan, C. (2016). Human-Made Fires Pollute Air with Ozone Half a World Away. Eos, 97. Luo, M., Cao, B., Ouyang, Q. Zhu, Y. (2016). Indoor Human Thermal Adaptation: Dynamic Processes and Weighting Factors. Indoor Air. Pillai, V. (1996). Air pollution in developing and developed nations: A pooled cross†sectional time series regression analysis. International Planning Studies, 1(1), pp.35-47. Beckrich, A. (2015). The Green Room: Air Pollution in the Developing World. The Science Teacher, 082(05). Nandasena, S. (2013). Indoor Air Pollution and Respiratory Health of Children in the Developing World. World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 2(2), p.6. Pearce, D. (1996). Economic Valuation and Health Damage from Air Pollution in the Developing World. Energy Policy, 24(7), pp.627-630.

Marbury v. Madison, 1803 (Judicial Review)

Marbury v. Madison, 1803 (Judicial Review) Marbury v Madison is considered by many to be not just a landmark case for the Supreme Court, but rather the landmark case.  The Courts decision was delivered in 1803 and continues to be invoked when cases involve the question of judicial review. It also marked the beginning of the Supreme Courts rise in power to a position equal to that of the legislative and executive branches of the federal government. In short, it was the first time the Supreme Court declared an act of Congress unconstitutional.   Fast Facts: Marbury v. Madison Case Argued: February 11, 1803Decision Issued:  February 24, 1803Petitioner:  William MarburyRespondent:  James Madison, Secretary of StateKey Questions: Was President Thomas Jefferson within his rights to direct his Secretary of State James Madison to withhold a judiciary commission from William Marbury whod been appointed by his predecessor, John Adams?Unanimous Decision: Justices Marshall, Paterson, Chase, and WashingtonRuling: Though Marbury was entitled to his commission, the Court was unable to grant it because Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 conflicted with Article III Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution and was therefore null and void. Background of  Marbury v. Madison In the weeks after the Federalist president  John Adams lost his bid for reelection to Democratic-Republican candidate  Thomas Jefferson in 1800, the Federalist Congress increased the number of circuit courts. Adams placed Federalist judges in these new positions. However, several of these Midnight appointments were not delivered before Jefferson took office, and Jefferson promptly stopped their delivery as President. William Marbury was one of the justices who was expecting an appointment that had been withheld. Marbury filed a petition with the Supreme Court, asking it to issue a writ of mandamus that would require Secretary of State James Madison  to deliver the appointments. The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice  John Marshall, denied the request, citing part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 as unconstitutional. Marshalls Decision On the surface, Marbury v. Madison was not a particularly important case, involving the appointment of one Federalist judge among many recently  commissioned. But Chief Justice Marshall (who had served as Secretary of State under Adams and was not necessarily a supporter of Jefferson) saw the case as an opportunity to assert the power of the judicial branch. If he could show that a congressional act was unconstitutional, he could position the Court as the supreme interpreter of the Constitution. And thats just what he did. The Courts decision actually declared that Marbury had a right to his appointment and that Jefferson had violated the law by ordering secretary Madison to withhold Marburys commission. But there was another question to answer: Whether or not the Court had the right to issue a writ of mandamus to secretary Madison. The Judiciary Act of 1789 presumably granted the Court the power to issue a writ, but Marshall argued that the Act, in this case, was unconstitutional. He declared that under Article III, Section 2 of the Constitution, the Court did not have original jurisdiction in this case, and therefore the Court did not have the power to issue a writ of mandamus.  Ã‚   Significance of Marbury v. Madison This historic court case established the concept of Judicial Review,  the ability of the Judiciary Branch to declare a law unconstitutional. This case brought the judicial branch of the government on a more even power basis with the legislative and executive branches. The Founding Fathers expected the branches of government to act as checks and balances on one another. The historic court case Marbury v. Madison accomplished this end, thereby setting the precedent for numerous historic decisions in the future.

Mosque being built by 911 sight Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mosque being built by 911 sight - Essay Example The panic created by the 9/11 incident was slowly disappearing at present. However, reports about the construction of a mosque at ground zero are causing disturbances to the Americans at present. Chelsea Schilling (2011) has pointed out that â€Å"a new Islamic mosque will open its doors just steps from Ground Zero where Muslim terrorists murdered 2,751 people in the name of Allah on Sept. 11, 2001 (Schilling). There are different opinions about the construction of a mosque near ground zero. This paper argues against the construction of a mosque at 9/11 site. Supporters of mosque construction at ground zero argue that since America is a secular democratic country, Muslims have the right to construct a mosque anywhere in America. They are of the opinion that building a mosque at 9/11 site will improve the credentials of America as a secular nation. The above argument seems to be illogical. America’s secular credentials are already established since Americans shown no hesitatio n in electing a president of Muslim origin even after the 9/11 incident. The current president Obama has Muslim origins. It should be note that the in India which is believed to be one of the largest secular democracies in the world, the Hindu fundamentalists opposed the election of Sonia Gandhi as their prime minister. It should also be noted that the â€Å"leading imam, who conducts sensitivity training sessions for the FBI, has reportedly blamed Christians for starting mass attacks on civilians† (Schilling). In other words the Muslim community in America still has no regards to the victims of 9/11 incident and it is difficult to expect mercy from them in future also. The second argument in favor of constructing of a mosque at ground zero is that a Mosque at ground zero will help America to regain the lost confidence of Muslim community in America. Many people believe that a mosque at ground zero is the positive sign in strengthening America’s relations with the Musl im world. The above argument is also meaningless. It should be noted that there are many mosques functioning at different parts of America. Moreover, none of the mosques in America suffered any damages even after the destruction of world trade centre and the killing of thousands of innocent people. â€Å"Many have complained that it would be insensitive to have a huge mosque two blocks from the site that became the burial ground for victims of the 9/11 terror attack by Muslim militants of Al Qaeda†(Sanchez). Nothing more can be done to the relatives of the victims of 9/11 incident as a harassment, if the authorities go ahead with the construction of the mosque. According to New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg â€Å"the mosque will help to bring our city even closer together and help repudiate the false and repugnant idea that the attacks of 9/11 were in any way consistent with Islam" (Loffee). American leaders are trying to strengthen the relationships with the Islamic communit y in a diplomatic manner. However, they are forgetting the fact that diplomacy will never win over fundamentalism. Strengthening Islamic culture in New York like big city will make different citizens in New York. Muslims will try to enforce their religious beliefs even in their social life which may create problems to other religions. Shariah laws, which are the fundamental laws of Muslim belief, will be enforced in Islamic culture and the effects of these laws may reflect in the life of other people as well. In

Answer 3 required and 3 of the optional questions from the uploaded Research Paper

Answer 3 required and 3 of the optional questions from the uploaded information - Research Paper Example These financial statements are to be prepared using a predefined set of standards and guidelines, widely known as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) (Types of Accounting, 2013). Managerial accounting is an accounting process that reportedly produces information for the sole us of management of the organization. The form and the details to be included in the reportorial information would depend on the intricate and extensive requirements and purpose of management. It was actually disclosed that the information could be more detailed, as compared to financial accounting statements which were identified to be prepared exclusively for external uses. Thus, management could require budgets, forecasts, and financial highlights that would be used to make decisions regarding strategies and plans that would achieve identified goals. Cost accounting was noted to be a branch of managerial that focuses on monitoring and controlling costs. Tax accounting, on the other hand, as the term implies, focuses on accounting facets which are tax-related and are reportedly governed by tax rules and regulations, as well as observance to the GAAP. Governmental accounting, or also known as public accounting (or even fund accounting) was noted to be a type of accounting process and information system that is used by government agencies or public organizations. The main disparity of this type of accounting with private organizations’ accounting system is that their funds are governed by budgets set by the federal government. Likewise, the disbursement of funds are to be allocated subject to the aims or goals of the government agency. Internal auditing accounting focuses on an ongoing appraisal of the financial condition of the organization subject to conformity to accounting standards and accounting laws. Finally, international accounting is the type of accounting process or information system governed by international accounting standards, as contrasted with GAAP. 2. Describe the purposes of financial statements and corporate annual reports. The purposes of financial statements and corporate annual reports include the provision of accurate financial information to various users to serve various needs (Purpose of Financial Statements, 2013). For instance, financials statements are mandated to be published to the public to give them a general overview of the organization and provide information regarding the potential effects of the organization to the local community or to the economy, as a whole. Likewise, financial statements and annual reports are needed by management for decision-making purposes. The companies’ shareholders, on the other hand, use these financial information to determine returns on their investments and any potential risks from currently disclosed external or internal factors that impinge on the organizations’ operations. Concurrently, the investors of the organization need to be given accurate information on the financial condition and status through financial statements and corporate annual reports that contain profits, returns on investment, risks, and market value, as needed. In addition to these various users, financial statements are needed by other financial institutions, such as banks or lending institutions when organizations apply for loans or financial assistance in various endeavors. Suppliers also need the information disclosed in financial stateme

Effects of Inflation Essay Example for Free

Effects of Inflation Essay Keeping Inflation under control is a primary concern for the Australian Government as it affects so many different parts of the Economy, including Economic growth, standard of living and unemployment. There are three types of inflation, depending on their causes. Firstly, demand pull inflation occurs when there is an excessive aggregate demand at or near full employment. If aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply, prices of g’n’s rise as a rationing mechanism. This form of inflation is usually associated with periods of high economic activity. Secondly is cost-push inflation. If business costs such as the cost of wages or materials rise, businesses may aim to maintain profit levels by passing these costs onto consumers. This will result in higher prices and therefore inflation. The final type of inflation is imported inflation. Imported inflation occurs when the price of imports rises, and either adds to business costs (resulting in cost-push inflation) or feeds into the CPI as the price of final goods. Furthermore, a depreciation in the Au$ will raise import prices, also adding to imported inflation. There are a number of factors which may cause inflation in the Australian economy. A major cause of demand-pull inflation is excessive growth in aggregate demand. If aggregate demand increases from AD to AD1, aggregate supply which is the equivalent of real GDP will rise to GDP2 and the price level will rise from P to P2. This results in the inflationary gap of cd. This increase in aggregate demand may be the result of a number of factors, including increases in consumption expenditure, investment spending, net government expenditure, the money supply, or export incomes. Another major cause of inflation, this time cost-push inflation, is a decrease in aggregate supply. If aggregate supply decreases from AS to AS1, real GDP will decrease to GDP2 and the price level will rise to P1. This results in both a contraction in real GDP and a rise in inflation. The main causes of this decrease in aggregate supply is excessive wage growth not accompanied by productivity increase, a rise in the cost of raw materials, and other inputs, or a rise in government taxes or other charges that raise costs for firms. Cost-push inflation may also be the result of imported inflation it there is a rise in world prices of imported goods used in the production process (such as raw materials and intermediate goods) firms are likely to pass these costs onto consumers, resulting in inflation on the other hand if there is a rise in world prices of consumer goods, increased import prices will feed directly into the CPI, also resulting in inflation. Furthermore a depreciation in the Au$ in foreign exchange markets will result in a rise in the prices of imported raw materials, intermediate goods, and consumer goods, again contributing to Australia’s inflation. This is demonstrated in the stimulus when the RBA credits the decrease in inflation to the fading impact of 2000s exchange rate depreciation. A less common cause of inflation is the existence of monopolies or oligopolies. If a monopoly or oligopoly exists in an industry, the lack of competition allows producers to push up prices. This again results in inflation. The final cause of inflation in Australia is inflationary expectations. Inflationary expectations refer to the behaviour of individuals and businesses who seek to compensate for the current inflation, as well as expected future price rises. This may be the result of either firms pushing up prices, or wage earners seeking higher nominal wages. Also, if consumers expect future prices to rise, they rather buy g’n’s now, which leads to increases in spending. This results in demand-pull inflation. Inflation can impact the economy in 3 ways. 1)By encouraging investment in speculative and unproductive activities and discouraging investment in ventures considered productive. Inflation encourages investment in real assets such as gold and real estate because they are considered ‘good shelters’ for inflation. This is because the scarcity of them often outpaces or at least keeps pace with the rate of inflation. If inflation occurs, people will seek to own such assets, shifting resources to these speculative and unproductive assets. Similarly this discourages investment in other assets. This is because entrepreneurs will not think it is financially viable to invest and pursue a project that will only result in less profit, due to the higher costs of inflation. Similarly inflation increases the cost of production thus also discouraging entrepreneurs. For example, if inflation is high, people will invest in gold and real estate. Otherwise known as the opportunity cost, because people will allocate their resources into such ventures (gold and real estate) they must then forego investing into other ventures that are considered productive such as a new business, that may be producing capital goods or normal goods and services. Also by discouraging entrepreneurs is the rise in the costs of production that occur due to inflation, for example the raw materials. Similarly interest rates will rise, making it more expensive to borrow funds for investment purposes, making investment projects less profitable. Either way, inflation can cause a loss in production of capital goods, leading to lower living standards in the future, or a loss in the production of normal goods and services, leading to lowering current living conditions, as current needs and wants go unsatisfied. Since returns from productive capital take longer to materialise, it means that entrepreneurs are also faced with a lesser return. This means that if the rate of inflation is greater than the return offered by the investment, then the project will not be considered economically viable, nor worthwhile. Similarly the risk of loss from any investment project will grow with inflation. Many small businesses take a couple of years before they start to make a profit, so if inflation is high, and is was not taken into account when the business was first planned, then the cost of production may rise, and the resulting price for the commodity will be too high for consumers. ) If inflation is present and is greater than that overseas, it reduces the overseas competitiveness of the Australian economy. This is because inflation is not only associated with a rise in prices, but also an increase to the costs of production. Therefore making overseas exports cheaper to the domestic market. Similarly the overseas firms do not have to put up with the rises in the costs of production. This provides a leakage in the circular flow (p urchase of exports) and thus dampening demand in the domestic market, which if severe enough could lead to a recession, bringing with it many economic problems. An example of how inflation can lead to a recession, would be the 1970s, when high inflation averaged at 10. 4%. Which due to the high oil prices and strong domestic demand led to high inflation in the 1980s (8. 1%). This period of high inflation led to a dampening in spending and a recession in the 1990s (1990-1992) causing many problems such as unemployment. 3) It also creates many winners and losers in the economy. Those that benefit are the owners of real assets (real assets and gold), because their assets are worth more. As well as those belonging to well-organized groups who can demand wage increases (eg, strong trade unions. ) This can lead to rapidly rising wages, increasing the costs of production, and also discouraging investment in productive capital as mentioned above. In addition to this inflation can benefit people who have already borrowed funds because the cost of repayment, represent less as inflation rises. This is because inflation is defined by a loss in the real value of money, therefore the repayment will diminish over time. Conversely inflation disadvantages those on fixed incomes because they lose the real value of income as their money represents less purchasing power. Similarly for the same reasons it disadvantages those that keep their money in liquid form (ie, bank deposits). Also those that lend money receive less back in terms of repayment, due to the loss in value (eg, A mortgage repayment in 1960 was worth more than in 1980, where high inflation had occurred). Also since it reduces international competitiveness, inflation can disadvantage exporters who find themselves with less business opportunities. This can effect the economy, as overseas markets will not purchase Australian goods and services. Therefore the economy will not receive the injection into the circular flow that it would usually, without inflation. Without the strong domestic support that is present in Australia’s economy, the economy could have the effect of dampening economic activity, and aggregate demand. When inflation occurs in the Australian economy it usually had a number of causes. The main causes are excess aggregate demand, cost-push inflation, inflationary expectations and imported inflation. inflation disadvantages many groups in the economy, who in turn benefit other groups. This is because inflation can influence the allocation of resources in regards to encouraging and discouraging investment, the overseas competitiveness of the Australian market, as well as effecting individuals and firms, who often benefit at the expense of others.

Black Status: Post Civil War America :: American America History

Black Status: Post Civil War America After the emancipation of slaves in 1862, the status of African-Americans in post civil war America up until the beginning of the twentieth century did not go through a great deal of change. Much legislation was passed to help blacks in this period. The Civil Rights act of 1875 prohibited segregation in public facilities and various government amendments gave African-Americans even more guaranteed rights. Even with this government legislation, the newly dubbed 'freedmen' were still discriminated against by most people and, ironically, they were soon to be restricted and segregated once again under government rulings in important court cases of the era. Reconstruction was intended to give African-Americans the chance for a new and better life. Many of them stayed with their old masters after being freed, while others left in search of opportunity through education as well as land ownership. However this was not exactly an easy task. There were many things standing in their way, chiefly white supremacists and the laws and restrictions they placed upon African-Americans. Beginning with the 'black codes' established by President Johnson's reconstruction plan, blacks were required to have a curfew as well as carry identification. Labor contracts established under Johnson's Reconstruction even bound the 'freedmen' to their respective plantations. A few years later, another set of laws known as the 'Jim Crow' laws directly undermined the status of blacks by placing unfair restrictions on everything from voting rights all the way to the segregation of water fountains. Besides these restrictions, the blacks had to deal with the Democratic P arty whose northern wing even denounced racial equality. As a result of democratic hostility and the Republican Party's support of Black suffrage, freedmen greatly supported the Republican Party. As a result of the failure of Johnson's Reconstruction, Congress proposed its own plan. The 14th amendment was one of the many things implemented under this plan. Among other things, this amendment forbade ex-Confederate leaders from holding political office, and gave freedmen their citizenship. The Southern rejection of this amendment, largely as a result of the actions of their former Confederate leaders then in state office, paved the way for the Reconstruction Act of 1867. This dismantled all Southern governments and established military control over the South. It guaranteed freedmen the right to vote under new state constitutions, and required the Southern states to ratify the 14th amendment. With the inclusion of African-American votes in southern elections, and with the help of Northerners known as "Carpet Baggers" and other white Southerners known as "Scalawags," the Republican Party gained almost complete control over the American South.

The Puppet Master of Rome: the Mother-Son Relationship in Shakespeare’s Coriolanus

There is one thing in the world that everyone has: a mother. Some people never knew their mothers, some have bad relationships with their mothers, and some love their mothers more than anything else. In William Shakespeare’s Coriolanus, Caius Martius, or Coriolanus, has a very intense relationship with his mother, Volumnia. He loves, respects, fears, and is controlled by her. This is made very evident throughout the play. Everything she asks for is done promptly after a simple proclamation of her need for it.This includes anything from fetching a drink for her to calling off an attack on a city. Coriolanus has his mother’s voice in his ear throughout the play. Sometimes, it saves him, but it also gives him a lack of identity and ultimately causes his demise. The first time we are introduced to Volumnia is in Act 1, Scene iii of the play. She is sitting and sewing with Virgilia, Coriolanus’ wife, and Valeria, Virgillia’s friend. At this point in the play, C oriolanus is in battle, fighting the Volsces in the city of Corioles.Virgilia worries for the safety of her husband and prays that he comes back unharmed. Volumnia responds to her and lets the audience see what kind of mother she really is. As Virgilia expresses her concern for her husband’s well being, Volumnia proceeds to tell her that she would rather have her son die in battle than come back uninjured. She makes a short speech about how his injuries and his involvement in battle enforce his manhood. When he was but tender-bodied and the only son of my womb, when youth with comeliness plucked all gaze his way, when for a day of kings’ entreaties a mother should not sell him an hour from her beholding, I, considering how honor would become such a person – that it was no better than picturelike to hang by th’ wall, if renown made it not stir – was pleased to let him seek danger where he was like to find fame.To a cruel war I sent him, from whence he returned, his brows bound with oak, I tell thee, daughter, I sprang not more in joy at first hearing he was a man-child than now in first seeing he had proved himself a man. (I, iii, 5-17) In this speech, Volumnia makes it clear that she had always planned for Coriolanus to be a warrior and she would not be proud of him for any other reason. As their talk continues, Virgilia asks her how she would feel if her son died in battle. Volumnia responds to her by saying that is she had twelve sons, she would have rather â€Å"had eleven die nobly for their country than one voluptuously surfeit out of action. † (I, iii, 22-25) This statement reveals the to audience Volumnia’s obsession of gaining fame vicariously through her acclaimed war-hero son and her influence on her son becomes blatantly apparent.This demonstrated Volumnia’s gender role in her society, as well. Volumnia â€Å"manages to be heard in spite of [traditional gender roles]; nevertheless, there are s trict codes of conduct and societal expectations for the behavior of women, which Virgilia follows to the letter, although Volumnia cannot help but rebel. Coriolanus seems restricted by these same ideas [and] forced to act like a hardened man, and stung when he has to admit weakness, or show any emotion. † (Coriolanus Themes) This view is further enforced in the following act’s first scene, when Coriolanus returns.Volumnia and the others stand watching him and his army approach. Volumnia proclaims â€Å"O, he is wounded; I thank the gods for‘t. † (II, i, 118) She basks in the glory of his wounds and announces them to the crowd as he approaches. A darker side of Volumnia comes out in this scene. As trumpets sound, she looks upon her nearing son and says aloud â€Å"Before him he carries noise, and behind him he leaves tears. Death, that dark spirit, in’s nervy arms doth lie; which, being advanced, declines, and then men die. (II, i, 154-157) She also makes it known that she has faith in his position in the Consul, which has yet to be confirmed. This overbearing attitude of Volumnia’s has a huge influence on Coriolanus, but we don’t see the true extent of his dependence and commitment to her until act III, when Volumnia berates him for his actions in front of the citizens of the town and for the Senators, therefore, costing him his position as Consul member. Coriolanus had let his temper and disdain for the citizens and government overcome him and he insulted them all in various ways, including calling the Senators â€Å"barbarians† (III, i, 239).She enters by saying, â€Å"O, sir, sir, sir, I would have had you put your power well on, before you had worn it out. † (III, ii, 16-18) After berating him, she encourages him to go make amends with the people of the town and regain his popularity; she won’t give up her dreams quite yet. She also lets him know that she will guide him and he can  "go to them, with this bonnet in thy hand; and thus having far stretched it – here be with them – thy knee bussing the stones – for in such business action is eloquence [†¦]. (III, ii, 72-76) She later follows this statement with, â€Å"Prithee now, go and be ruled [†¦]†(III, ii, 89-90) This statement presents a sort of double entendre, seeing as she presently rules him and has for his entire life. She is not only telling him to hand himself over to the approval of the public, but to let her take him by the hand in doing so. Volumnia makes it known that she has everything to lose from Coriolanus’ failure. She even bluntly states, â€Å"[†¦] it is my more dishonor than thou to them. Come all to ruin!Let thy mother rather feel thy pride than thy dangerous stoutness, for I mock at death with as big heart as thou. Do as thou list. Thy valiantness was mine, thou suck’st it from me, but owe thy pride thyself. † (III, ii, 124- 130) To this, Coriolanus responds with compliance and goes immediately to the market place, asking of his mother, â€Å"chide me no more. † (III, ii, 132) Coriolanus cannot take much chastisement or reprimanding from his mother without caving in and doing exactly as she asks, for that is all he knows.Towards the end of the play, Coriolanus finally defies his mother and leaves Rome to side with the Volces. This is the first time he ever left her or did not follow her word in the entire play. However, before his attack on Rome, Volumnia uses the most epic of motherly guilt trips when she, Virgilia, and Valeria travel to the Volsces’ city to convince Coriolanus to stop the attack. She attempts to break his icy exterior to attack his heart and change his position on the coming war.She first attempts to stoke his ego and confirm his greatness, asking how he could make this decision. When that fails to reach him, she pushes the argument that they will have no place to go whe n their home is destroyed. When that also fails, she then pulls on his heartstrings and tells him that they will all die by the hands of the Volsces because of his commands. When she notices him beginning to doubt his position, she lays on the line â€Å"so, we will home to Rome, and die among our neighbors. [†¦] Yet give us our dispatch.I am hushed until our city be afire, and then I’ll speak a little. † (V, iii, 172-182) This finally reaches him. He breaks down to Aufidius and makes peace, refusing to continue the war. In the end, Vomumnia was praised by Rome for convincing her son to make peace and preventing the attack. He gained the hero status she wanted for her son. He did not resent her for it, but he did die to defend the honor of Rome. â€Å"Volumnia's reputation as the noblest Roman matron of them all is apparently the product of outmoded idealization of motherhood.Hofling, undoubtedly the best informed of the recent commentators, writes: ‘Volumn ia thus is seen to be an extremely unfeminine, non-maternal person, one who sought to mold her son to fit a preconceived image gratifying her own masculine (actually pseudo-masculine) strivings. Her method, we learn from the above and other speeches, was to withhold praise and the scant affection she had to give from any achievements except aggressive and exhibitionistic ones† (Putney) Coriolanus’ lack of independence from his mother created a lack of identity for himself.He did not know how to go about life without his mother, even at his age and having his own family. â€Å"Coriolanus' lack of identity is due to a controlling mother in a fatherless environment. According to the Freudian model for establishing male identity, Coriolanus is doomed. Nowhere is this more evident that at the end of the play, when Volumnia, his mother convinces him to spare Rome. He is wholly controlled by his mother, and has no voice of his own. He says, â€Å"Like a dull actor now,/ I ha ve forgot my part and I am out,/Even to full disgrace† (V, iii, 40-42).Following his mother's demands, he spares Rome, which leads directly to his demise. Thus, his controlling mother coupled with the absence of a father figure leads to his lack of identity, which leads to his death. † (Freudian Interpretation) Coriolanus even follows his mother’s desire for honor in death in battle during his final hour. He proclaims, â€Å"cut me to pieces, Volsces. Men and lads, stain all your edges on me. † (V, vi, 110-111) In the end, if it were not for Volumnia’s influence, her son may have lived a full life and been able to care for his family.In the same respect, there may have not been peace between Rome and the Volsces. Volumnia truly is the strength of Rome. Throughout the play, Volumnia never lost her courage or backed down from the challenges that could have prevented her and her son from achieving her status. She made it seem as though she would do anyt hing for the people she loved and the city that was her home, but she always had ulterior motives and clawed her way to the top, sacrificing her son along the way. Works Cited â€Å"Coriolanus Themes.† GradeSaver.com. 14 Mar. 2011. GradeSaver LLC.. 1999 . â€Å"Freudian Interpretation.† New York University.edu. 14 Mar. 2011. New York University. . Putney, Rufus. â€Å"Coriolanus | Mother-Son Relationship.† eNotes.com. 14 Mar. 2011. eNotes.com. 2011 .

Child Labor Essay

The Industrial Revolution set off an assortment of new improvements that were open to disasters. To begin, there was an increase of food supply. Not much of money was spent on food as it normally would have been, it was spent on manufactured goods too. Now that there was a demand for manufactured goods, there was a demand for workers also. Better agricultural technology left many farmers without jobs. That was not much of a problem because these workers could take the jobs in factories to operate the new machines that were previously invented. These former farming families had to move to cities, while contributing to the new urbanization occurring. Except, when the families moved, the parents were not the only ones put to work in factories, children were too. To avoid a life of poverty, children had to work in sweatshops, mines, or in the same factories as the rest of their family. The events that led up to child labor did not intend to turn into anything vicious. However, as time went on, everything about child labor turned nonsensical. Money was not distributed as it should have been. Working out of home came with a dozen disadvantages. These elements both fabricated unpleasant consequences and insufficient laws. Despite few arguments in support of child labor, it was ultimately unreasonable due to the unfair exchange of work and money, repulsive working conditions, and harmful effects it had in the long run, which eventually resulted in laws against this atrocity. Children working started off by doing minor chores to help out around the house. Parents needed the assistance, and it was not as if the chores were anything outrageous, so there were not many complaints. 2 In fact, most adults generally agreed upon children working. 3 Once children were of age, which was usually around five years old, they did whatever they could. 4 The young kids aided in family cottage industries or working in the fields. As they got older, their tasks alternated. 5 6 According to Alex Fyfe, who wrote an article on child labor, some of these more difficult tasks for teenagers included â€Å"learning trading techniques that could be beneficial in the future. 7 These techniques could involve the basics on how to trade so that he or she was enhancing more than the other person. The children could carry these methods to further generations to ensure families received enough money. Eventually, instead of just working at home, children began going to work in factories, mines, or sweatshops in order to get paid. 8 This settlement was an important economic gain families had to have.

Applcation paper Example

Applcation paper Example Applcation paper – Essay Example The concept ‘supervision’ In relation to the analysts and researchers in the field of management, supervision has been termed as one of the vital aspects that boost an organization’s performance. On the other hand, for almost all organizations that are geared towards the attainment of results, supervision is mandatory. Burke and Krey argue that supervision is an action carried out by the supervisors in an endeavor to evaluate the efforts put by the employees towards the organization’s efficacy (21). They also indicate that supervision places emphasis on the way employees contribute to the advancement of an organization. Nevertheless, the degree of supervision can only be understood after an assessment of the size of the association and the number of employees each organization has. In Burke and Krey’s argument, supervision handles the behavior of varying persons and the proper coordination of the behaviors portrayed by the same employees (20). From this work, it is evident that the human behavior has been regarded as an aspect that requires proper coordination and facilitation (21). In this context, therefore, supervision attempts to understand employee behaviour and devise means in which they come up with methodologies that will gear them towards achievement and progress. In the case of an organization, community, or family circle, supervision will be of benefit in the event of implementing changes. Since an organization is comprised of persons, Burke and Krey recommend that supervisors include communication of the roles of each person in the organization to avoid misunderstandings (24). Since individuals will always have a tendency of resisting change, they should leave a chance of disappointment in the course of dispensing duties (21). All in all, the decisions they make must be firm, unless a delicate situation comes up, where they are required to consult with the fellow supervisors. However, proper communication channels must be used at all times, as well as communication to the employees. In this case, the employees will feel involved in the organization’s decision-making process, and this will increase their motivation. Works cited Burke, Peter, and Robert Krey. Supervision: A Guide to Instructional Leadership. New York: Charles C Thomas Publisher, 2005. Print.

Changing Caption Numbering in Microsoft Word

Changing Caption Numbering in Microsoft Word Changing Caption Numbering in Microsoft Word We’ve previously explained how to add captions to charts, tables and figures in Microsoft Word. But what should you do if the default caption style or numbering doesn’t suit your needs? Maybe, for example, your college style guide recommends a different formatting for captions than the standard style in Word. Or maybe you want to use an alternative numbering system. Luckily, this is all easy to achieve via the â€Å"Style† options in Word. Editing Caption Style If you want to use a different font for captions, you could go through them all changing this manually. However, it’s much quicker to change the caption style instead (instructions apply for Word 2007 and later): Go to the â€Å"Styles† section of the â€Å"Home† tab and find â€Å"Caption† Right click â€Å"Caption† and select â€Å"Modify† to open a new window The Styles menu. Pick the font and formatting options required Click â€Å"OK† to apply the new style Modifying the Caption style. If the â€Å"Caption† style isn’t showing in the â€Å"Home† tab, you may have to click the little arrow in the bottom corner to open the â€Å"Styles† sidebar. If it still isn’t showing, click â€Å"Options† here and make sure that â€Å"All styles† is selected in the â€Å"Select styles to show† menu. Style pane options. Creating a New Caption Style For even greater customization, you can even create a brand new caption style. To do this: Open the â€Å"Styles† sidebar and click the â€Å"New Style† button Creating a new style. In the new window, select â€Å"Caption† in the â€Å"Style based on† menu Select the font and formatting options required Type a name for your new style in the â€Å"Name† box (e.g., â€Å"Caption 2† or â€Å"Custom Caption†) Click â€Å"OK† to create your style To ensure that the font changes back to the paragraph style once you’ve written a caption and hit â€Å"Enter,† you may also want to select â€Å"Normal† from the â€Å"Style for following paragraph† menu. You can also create a new style via the style menu on the main ribbon by selecting Create a Style and clicking Modify to bring up the full set of style options. Creating a style via the main ribbon. Writing Custom Captions When you add captions using â€Å"Insert Caption,† Microsoft Word numbers them automatically according to the label assigned (e.g., â€Å"Figure 1,† Figure 2,† â€Å"Figure 3,† and so on). However, if you don’t want to use this numbering system (e.g., if you want captions in your dissertation to include the chapter number, so the figures in the first chapter are labelled â€Å"Figure 1a,† â€Å"Figure 1b,† â€Å"Figure 1c,† etc.) you’ll need to add captions manually. You can do this by selecting the relevant â€Å"Caption† style from the style menu, placing the cursor where you want the caption to appear in your document, and simply typing the caption desired. You can even use different caption styles for tables, charts and figures if you create a style for each! If you do, though, don’t forget that when adding a list of tables, charts or figures, you’ll need to select the relevant style when creating the list. To do this: Click â€Å"Insert Table of Figures† to open the menu Inserting a table of charts/figures. Click â€Å"Options† to open a new window Under the â€Å"Style† menu, pick the relevant caption style and click â€Å"OK† Custom caption options. Click â€Å"OK† in the main â€Å"Insert Table of Figures† menu to create your list You can then list each of the different caption types separately, which is useful if you have large numbers of illustrations, charts and tables that you want to keep distinct from one another.

Viual Aid and Gantt Chart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Viual Aid and Gantt Chart - Essay Example The high coÃ'•t of breakdown maintenance could be unbearable Ã'•uch that the need for preventive maintenance becomeÃ'• obviouÃ'•. The Ã'•afety of equipment and employee iÃ'• improved by preventive maintenance Ã'•erviceÃ'•. ThiÃ'• haÃ'• Ã'•ignificant impact on the production proceÃ'•Ã'•. Reaching maximum plant availability through minimal delayÃ'• and breakdownÃ'• and optimal equipment working condition reduceÃ'• or eliminateÃ'• the need for Ã'•ubcontracting Ã'•ome aÃ'•pectÃ'• of the job (Chen and Liao, 2005; Cheung et al., 2005). ThiÃ'• haÃ'• a reducing effect on the uÃ'•ually large maintenance budget of many organizationÃ'•. Maintenance Ã'•cheduling iÃ'• uÃ'•ually baÃ'•ed on preventive maintenance activitieÃ'• (Oke, 2004). In an organization where a large number of equipment are operated, preventive maintenance Ã'•cheduling offerÃ'• a meanÃ'• of achieving continuouÃ'• induÃ'•trial operationÃ'• without which Ã'†¢yÃ'•tem Ã'•uÃ'•tenance would be extremely difficult. Ð…ince the coÃ'•t of implementing preventive maintenance Ã'•cheduling iÃ'• more economical than that of replacing broken down equipment, in the long term, it iÃ'• more economical to implement thiÃ'• maintenance option. Ð…ound maintenance Ã'•cheduling iÃ'• indiÃ'•penÃ'•able for high maintenance performance, which in turn facilitateÃ'• the production proceÃ'•Ã'• to yield maximum output. ThiÃ'• iÃ'• attained when preventive maintenance Ã'•upportÃ'• continuouÃ'• improvement programmeÃ'•. Effective maintenance Ã'•cheduling requireÃ'• Ã'•pecific time and labor allocation, knowledge of equipment hiÃ'•tory, Ã'•pareÃ'• availability, knowledge of work and facility priority rating, job Ã'•pecification, etc.